Dancing to a Different Tune: Autism :: Personal Narrative Writing

The Power of Chaim Potok’s The Chosen :: Potok Chosen Essays

The Power of The Chosen   All through the book, 'The Chosen', Chaim Potok utilized the method of the Jewish way of life to show his perusers of the Jewish individuals. Potok utilized an assortment of methods including phrasing where he presented Jewish terms, the subject of quietness, and strife among father and child to make the novel engaging. Moreover, this novel lets us know of the life of Jews and their responsibility to religion; We are told to examine His Torah! We are directed to sit in the light of the Presence! It is for this that we were made!   Chaim Potok has an exceptional method of utilizing unmistakable words to comprehend a circumstance. After Reuven arrived at home structure the emergency clinic he gave me this delineation, I remained in that space for quite a while, viewing the daylight and tuning in to the sounds in the city outside. I remained there, tasting the room and the daylight and the sounds, and thinking about the long clinic ward. . .. I thought about whether little Mickey had ever observed daylight come however the windows of a receiving area loft. . .. some way or another, everything had changed. I had gone through five days in a medical clinic and the world around appeared to be honed now and beating with life. Potok immediately utilizes his tender loving care to tell the energy about discernment through his character Reuven Malter. At long last, I have discovered a book where the words address the peruser and illuminate the peruser through words not known.   Next, Potok presents his topic of quiet. Quiet in this novel fills in as both the subject and a contention between characters. Potok gives us that like Reuven Malter, Danny Saunders life peacefully builds up a high regard of physical faculties. Danny says this regarding his quiet, My dad showed me with quietness. . .to investigate myself, to locate my own quality, to stroll around inside myself in organization with my spirit. . .. One learns of the agony of others by enduring one's own torment ... by turning inside oneself. . .. It makes us mindful of how fragile and small we are and of the amount we should rely on the Master of the Universe. The Power of Chaim Potok’s The Chosen :: Potok Chosen Essays The Power of The Chosen   All through the book, 'The Chosen', Chaim Potok utilized the method of the Jewish way of life to show his perusers of the Jewish individuals. Potok utilized an assortment of strategies including style where he presented Jewish terms, the topic of quiet, and struggle among father and child to make the novel engaging. Besides, this novel lets us know of the life of Jews and their duty to religion; We are directed to contemplate His Torah! We are told to sit in the light of the Presence! It is for this that we were made!   Chaim Potok has an extraordinary method of utilizing elucidating words to comprehend a circumstance. After Reuven arrived at home structure the emergency clinic he gave me this delineation, I remained in that space for quite a while, viewing the daylight and tuning in to the sounds in the city outside. I remained there, tasting the room and the daylight and the sounds, and thinking about the long medical clinic ward. . .. I thought about whether little Mickey had ever observed daylight come however the windows of a receiving area condo. . .. by one way or another, everything had changed. I had gone through five days in a medical clinic and the world around appeared to be honed now and beating with life. Potok immediately utilizes his scrupulousness to tell the energy about discernment through his character Reuven Malter. At last, I have discovered a book where the words address the peruser and illuminate the peruser through words not known.   Next, Potok presents his topic of quiet. Quietness in this novel fills in as both the subject and a contention between characters. Potok gives us that like Reuven Malter, Danny Saunders life peacefully builds up a high regard of physical faculties. Danny says this regarding his quietness, My dad showed me with quietness. . .to investigate myself, to locate my own quality, to stroll around inside myself in organization with my spirit. . .. One learns of the agony of others by enduring one's own torment ... by turning inside oneself. . .. It makes us mindful of how delicate and minor we are and of the amount we should rely on the Master of the Universe.

Devaluation and Idealization in BPD

Devaluation and Idealization in BPD BPD Print Devaluation and Idealization in BPD By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Updated on September 19, 2019 PeopleImages / Getty Images More in BPD Diagnosis Treatment Living With BPD Related Conditions In This Article Table of Contents Expand Idealization Devaluation Defense Mechanisms In Other Personality Disorders When To See a Doctor View All Back To Top Devaluation and idealization  are defense mechanisms that help a person manage their anxiety as well as internal or external stresses. While this subconscious protection system can be found in a few personality disorders, it is most often associated with  borderline personality disorder  (BPD). Idealization Idealization is a psychological or mental process of attributing overly positive qualities to another person or thing. Its a way of coping with anxiety in which an object or person of ambivalence is  viewed as perfect, or as having exaggerated positive qualities. Its common with borderline personality disorder for a person to idealize a friend, family member, or loved one. They feel intense closeness towards that person and place them on a pedestal. This can quickly and unpredictably change to intense anger toward that person, a process called devaluation. Devaluation In psychiatry and psychology, devaluation is a defense mechanism that is just the opposite of idealization. Its used when a person attributes themselves, an object, or another person as completely flawed, worthless, or as having exaggerated negative qualities. Defense Mechanisms Both devaluation and idealization are considered to be on a minor image-distorting level on the Defensive Functioning Scale. This tool  is used by doctors to group patients defense mechanisms into levels of intensity. Like most defense mechanisms or coping strategies, many people are not aware they are engaging in devaluation and idealization. Its done subconsciously as a way to protect themselves from perceived stress. In borderline personality disorder, devaluation often alternates with idealization. For instance, a person with BPD may shift from great admiration for a loved one â€" idealization of that person â€" to an intense anger or dislike towards that person â€" devaluation of that person. This wild shift between idealization and devaluation found in BPD is known as splitting, which signifies a disturbance in both thinking and emotion regulation. Scientific data suggests that this splitting is linked to activation in the prefrontal cortex â€" the front part of your brain associated with personality â€" and the amygdala â€" the part of your brain that controls emotional perception and expression. Devaluation and Idealization in Other Personality Disorders Devaluation is not limited to people with borderline personality disorder. It may be seen in other personality disorders, especially antisocial personality disorder or narcissistic personality disorder. Idealization is sometimes also seen in narcissistic personality disorder, especially towards the self or the treating therapist. Splitting, or the rapid fluctuation between idealization and devaluation, is classically seen in borderline personality disorder. What Does This Mean for Me? Devaluation and idealization are defense mechanisms commonly used in borderline personality disorder. That said, just because you engage in these defense mechanisms does not mean you have BPD â€" its simply a feature of this disorder. Speak with your doctor or a therapist if you are concerned that you use coping strategies like these to deal with emotional conflict or stress. Screening for Borderline Personality Disorder

William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet - 925 Words

The fourteen line I chose to annotate and perform is a monologue made by Romeo. This happens right after Romeo gets to Juliet’s grave, then meets Paris, fights Paris, and kills Paris.[a]Right before Paris dies, he says â€Å"Oh, I am slain! If thou be merciful, Open the tomb. Lay me with Juliet† (Shakespeare 5.3.72-73). Paris is brave and proud enough to tell Romeo, the person that kills him, to put him in the grave next to Juliet, who he was going to marry. Romeo’s true love for Juliet caused all of this in the first place. In the play, The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, William Shakespeare persuades the audience to see what can arise when love is at its pinnacle, that the true power of love can change the life of a person in an instant.[b] Romeo has mixed feelings standing next to Juliet at her grave, and he expresses them in weird ways. Romeo becomes confused after he gets a better look at the person who he had killed, he then only finds that it was Paris. In th at hurry, Romeo is again confused, he thought that Balthasar had told him Paris was going to marry Juliet, then he says â€Å"Said he not so? Or did I dream it so?† (Shakespeare 5.3.79). Romeo is not sure of what he remembers. This whole event has been a lot on Romeo, and it is caused a slight mental breakdown. I wonder if Shakespeare is showing what love and tragedy can cause to a person, or what happens when you decide to die next to the person you loved and married. Romeo’s use of visual delivery[c] gives the reader aShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1287 Words   |  6 PagesLizzy Baginski English Composition 2 Mr. Spera March 10, 2015 Romeo and Juliet Research Paper The movie Romeo and Juliet is a modern classic film that took place in 1996. Overall this is a timeless story that everyone should go and watch. This movie has an intriguing plot line that tells the story of two feuding families, The Montagues and The Capulets, and how the children of these two different families fall in love. The two children overcome various obstacles such as hiding their chemistry fromRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet 966 Words   |  4 Pages Beauty Over Gold â€Å"Beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold.--William Shakespeare, 1623. In his book As You Like It, William Shakespeare pointed out the supremacy of love rather than the want of gold and wealth. Truly, beauty is more important to thieves than wealth. Many of the thieves in this world would rather have an elegant woman than to obtain precious rubies. After all, what good is a prosperous man if he doesn’t have a charming woman? Two famous men grab my attention who didn’t fear forRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet Essay1024 Words   |  5 PagesRomeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. The plot is based on an ItalianRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe play Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. Its plot is based onRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet861 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatly shown in the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. It was love at first sight with Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet. Meeting at a party and falling in love to get married without even spending quality time with each other. Romeo and Juliet couldn t tell there parents because the Capulets and Montagues are long term rivals. Both Romeo and Juliet had to find different ways and excuses to make this marriage work. A big problem was developed. Romeo kills Juliet s cousin and is banishedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1770 Words   |  8 Pagesof Romeo and Juliet. The story of two destined lovers who were killed by their own doing. But what if they weren t two destined lovers who got unlucky, but doomed partners that were never going to have a good-life to begin with.William Sha kespeare gives us a view of early signs of gang conflict in the early age of Verona, Italy. He gives us a perspective of the norms and customs of Italy during the Setting of William Shakespeare s most famous story. Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, givesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1616 Words   |  7 Pageslove can also cause some of life s most controversial battles. These battles could stem from lack of patience, disagreement of moral values, and in some cases, an absence of attraction overall. In Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, the issues that drive Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet s to each of their dreadful misfortunes are inevitable. When it comes to many of Shakespeare s plays, Aristotle s theory is used to describe them as tragedies. Romeo and Juliet is known by many as a tragedyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1264 Words   |  6 Pagestheater-going public the most important dramatist in English literature, Shakespeare oc cupies a well-known position in the world of talented authors. His canon contains thirty-seven plays, written in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Additionally, throughout the years, they continue to sustain critical attention, with the majority of his works circling tragedies, one being Romeo and Juliet. William Shakespeare s Romeo and Juliet speaks to the timeless appeal of star-crossed lovers. Their loveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet924 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy that follows the so-called love of two teenagers. The two fall in love at a masked ball and have a secret marriage. Throughout the play, their actions show how ridiculous love is, and how it is a danger to anyone who become twisted in its choking grasp. However, in the death of the youth and survival of the elders, an alternative explanation for the tragic events may be found. Although Shakespeare seems to be mocking love throughout the play, itRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1279 Words   |  6 Pagesour lives. The great, classic writers teach timeless, valuable life skills. Shakespeare was the greatest writer of all time. His writings mainly consisted of dramas and sonnets. Romeo and Juliet, as well as, A MIdsummer Night’s Dream were written about the same time period. He was able to inter relate everything that wrote. For example, the tale of Pyramus and Thisbe could possibly be an advertisement for Romeo and Juliet. The basic structure of the two dramas is the same; two forbidden lovers meet

Why Do Youths Join Gangs Free Essays

Teenagers often struggle to define themselves and their place in the world. They may choose to associate with a certain group because its members share similar beliefs, attitudes or interests. However, teens also look to others to fulfill their basic needs for such things as companionship, understanding and emotional support. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Do Youths Join Gangs? or any similar topic only for you Order Now When these needs are not met sufficiently or at all by the teens family, they become susceptible to joining gangs. A gang is a group of individuals who share common traits. They are often identified by the clothes or colors that they wear and have a name. Gangs are composed of leaders and followers. They typically have their own methods of communication such as language, symbols, signs or handshakes. Joining a gang requires potential members to go through an initiation of some sort. Initiations into gangs often include the endurance of physical harm or engaging in some form of illegal or dangerous behavior, failure to give proper gang hand signals could lead to a beating. There are many reasons why kids join gangs, but like most youth activities, whether criminal or otherwise, most kids join gangs for companionship and love, social, economic, and cultural forces push many adolescents in the direction of gangs too. Most commonly, teens become gang members to fill their need to belong. Oftentimes, such teens have dysfunctional families or are loners. Gangs are looked to for protection, loyalty and a sense of identity. Members consider themselves part of a family and view their gang as a source of pride. Gangs may fulfill the need for acceptance and recognition as well. However, members are required to do such things as steal from local stores, corrupt buildings with graffiti and engage in other crimes. The drug trade is harsh and dangerous. Lower rung drug dealers do not drive BMW’s, wear gold jewelry, or get rich quick. They work around the clock, six or seven days a week, for low wages, often enforced by the threat of violence. Gang murders are committed to increase profits, to control renegade members, and to protect existing territories and markets. The more cunning and brutal the gang, the better its chances of success. One misconception about joining a gang is the thought of getting rich. Some young people think gang members are rich, drive expensive cars, and don’t have to work. However, very few gang members get rich. Most of their money goes in one hand and out the other to support flash and style rather than for living. Drug dealing is actually hard and dangerous work. Dealers are always on the job. Many use pagers so if someone wants to buy drugs they can get in touch with them at any time of the day or night. They are always on guard, watching for police or rival gangs. They are constantly in danger of being killed. The odds of surviving are not in their favor. Prevention efforts can deter teens from joining gangs. The focus of such efforts is on an individuals sense of identity and belonging. The allure of gangs tends to be most persuasive among outsiders with low self-esteem and poor impulse control. Integrating teens into groups based on common interests provides a positive environment for self-development to occur. Teens should be encouraged to go to community centers and after-school activities which allow them to associate with other teens. Efforts to strengthen family relationships are also helpful, since teens tend to look outside their families when needs for such things as acceptance, belonging, recognition, protection and loyalty are not met at home. How to cite Why Do Youths Join Gangs?, Papers

Rousseaus Discourse On The Arts And Sciences Essays - Philosophy

Rousseau's Discourse On The Arts And Sciences Rousseau's Discourse on the Arts and Sciences Jean-Jacques Rousseau has been called both the father of the French Revolution and a rascal deserving to hunted down by society (Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson, p. 462). His works, controversial in his lifetime, have lost little of their ability to inspire debate in the seceding two hundred years. Although much of this debate has focused on Rousseau's political theories, his works on morality have not been exempted from the controversy. Much of the controversy surrounding his Discourse on the Arts and Sciences relates to Rousseau's self-proclaimed role of societal critic. In this Discourse, Rousseau attacks the rise of empiricism. To him, a world based on knowledge, such as the one proposed in Bacon's New Atlantis, was immoral and destructive. This view was met with much criticism and disdain. Indeed, by taking such a view, Rousseau attacked the very core of the Enlightenment. However, the Discourse is not only a rebuttal of empiricism. It is also an intensely personal look into Rousseau. In it, Rousseau's alienation and nostalgic feelings are clearly revealed. To Rousseau, the past was idyllic: One cannot reflect on morals, without taking delight in recalling the image of the simplicity of the first times. It is a fair shore, adorned by the hands of nature alone, towards which one forever turns one's eyes, and from which one feels oneself moving away with regret (Discourse, p. 18). Yet it was not the past itself Rousseau found attractive, but the moral society which could only flourish in the absence of the malevolence created by the arts and sciences. Such was their sinister power, that even 'savage' man was more moral than a society full of art and science (Discourse, p. 5 n and Last Reply, p. 83). It was to this moral world that Rousseau yearned to return. For him, such a world was full of virtue and the goodness of 'rustic naturalness'. Using Fabricius' voice, Rousseau reveals the depth of his nostalgic longing for a moral world: Gods, what has become of the thatch roofs and the rustic hearths were moderation and virtue used to dwell? What fatal splendor has replaced Roman simplicity? (Discourse, p. 12). At the core of Rousseau's morality then, was the idea that the simple and the rustic contained all that was good. However, mere simplicity and rusticity did not form the whole of Rousseau's morality. Indeed neither simplicity nor rusticity was inherently moral. Rather, each became moral only to the extent they precluded man from becoming idle. Idleness created art and science; art and science created more idleness. Rousseau held, that as this cycle continued, morality would give way to a world in which men devoured men and could not co-exist ...without obstructing, supplanting, deceiving, betraying, destroying each other (Last Reply, p. 85 and Preface to Narcissus, p. 105). Rousseau, though he felt that he lived in just such a world, did not seek to destroy the arts and sciences and so break this cycle of degenerating morality. There could be no positive outcome to stopping the cycle, for society, once corrupted, was beyond redemption (Observations, p. 51). Rather, Rousseau thought that in a permanently corrupted world, the arts and sciences would serve to distract immoral men and divert them from mischief (Observations, p. 51, Discourse, p. 5, and Preface to Narcissus, p. 110 n). Although his nostalgia was thus tempered by the knowledge that paradise, once lost, remains forever vanquished, Rousseau's sense of alienation remained unchecked. Indeed, even the frontispiece of the Discourse proclaims his alienation, Here I am the barbarian because they do not understand me (Ovid). Though Rousseau stated that his life was governed by the three values of truth, virtue, and freedom, he found little evidence of them in the world (Letter to Malesherbes II). Rather what he found was Much babbling, rich people, and arguers, that is to say enemies of virtue and of common sense. In return we have lost innocence and morals. The multitude grovels in poverty; all are slaves of vice (Preface to Narcissus, p. 105). Gone too, was the ability to easily distinguish character by conduct (Discourse, p. 6). In its place was a

Battle of Franklin - Civil War Battle of Franklin - John Bell Hood

Battle of Franklin - Civil War Battle of Franklin - John Bell Hood Battle of Franklin - Conflict: The Battle of Franklin was fought during the American Civil War. Armies Commanders at Franklin: Union Major General John Schofield30,000 men Confederate General John Bell Hood38,000 men Battle of Franklin - Date: Hood attacked the Army of the Ohio on November 30, 1864. Battle of Franklin - Background: In the wake of the Union capture of Atlanta in September 1864, Confederate General John Bell Hood regrouped the Army of Tennessee and launched a new campaign to break Union General William T. Shermans supply lines north. Later that month, Sherman dispatched Major General George H. Thomas to Nashville to organize Union forces in the area. Outnumbered, Hood decided to move north to attack Thomas before the Union general could reunite with Sherman. Aware of Hoods movement north, Sherman sent Major General John Schofield to reinforce Thomas. Moving with VI and XXIII Corps, Schofield quickly became Hoods new target. Seeking to prevent Schofield from joining with Thomas, Hood pursued the Union columns and the two forces squared off at Columbia, TN from November 24-29. Next racing to Spring Hill, Schofields men beat off an uncoordinated Confederate attack before escaping in the night to Franklin. Arriving at Franklin at 6:00 AM on November 30, the lead Union troops began preparing a strong, arc-shaped defensive position to the south of the town. The Union rear was protected by the Harpeth River. Battle of Franklin - Schofield Turns: Entering the town, Schofield decided to make a stand as the bridges across the river were damaged and needed to be repaired before the bulk of his forces could cross. While repair work commenced, the Union supply train slowly began crossing the river using a nearby ford. By noon, the earthworks were complete and a secondary line established 40-65 yards behind the main line. Settling in to await Hood, Schofield decided that the position would be abandoned if the Confederates did not arrive before 6:00 PM. In close pursuit, Hoods columns reached Winstead Hill, two miles south of Franklin, around 1:00 PM. Battle of Franklin - Hood Attacks: Establishing his headquarters, Hood ordered his commanders to prepare for an assault on the Union lines. Knowing the dangers of frontally attacking a fortified position, many of Hoods subordinates attempted to talk him out of the assault, but he would not relent. Moving forward with Major General Benjamin Cheathams corps on the left and Lieutenant General Alexander Stewarts on the right, the Confederate forces first encountered two brigades of Brigadier General George Wagners division. Posted half a mile forward of the Union line, Wagners men were supposed to fall back if pressed. Disobeying orders, Wagner had his men stand firm in an attempt to turn back Hoods assault. Quickly overwhelmed, his two brigades fell back toward the Union line where their presence between the line and the Confederates prevented Union troops from opening fire. This failure to cleanly pass through the lines, coupled with a gap in the Union earthworks at the Columbia Pike, allowed three Confederate divisions to focus their attack on the weakest part of Schofields line. Battle of Franklin - Hood Wrecks His Army: Breaking through, men from Major Generals Patrick Cleburne, John C. Brown, and Samuel G. Frenchs divisions were met by a furious counterattack by Colonel Emerson Opdyckes brigade as well as other Union regiments. After brutal hand-to-hand fighting, they were able to close the breach and throw back the Confederates. To the west, Major General William B. Bates division was repulsed with heavy casualties. A similar fate met much of Stewarts corps on the right wing. Despite the heavy casualties, Hood believed that the Union center had been badly damaged. Unwilling to accept defeat, Hood continued to throw uncoordinated attacks against Schofields works. Around 7:00 PM, with Lieutenant General Stephen D. Lees corps arriving on the field, Hood selected Major General Edward Allegheny Johnsons division to lead another assault. Storming forward, Johnsons men and other Confederate units failed to reach the Union line and became pinned down. For two hours an intense firefight ensued until Confederate troops were able to fall back in the darkness. To the east, Confederate cavalry under Major General Nathan Bedford Forrest attempted to turn Schofields flank but were blocked by Major General James H. Wilsons Union horsemen. With the Confederate assault defeated, Schofields men began crossing the Harpeth around 11:00 PM and reached the fortifications at Nashville the next day. Battle of Franklin - Aftermath: The Battle of Franklin cost Hood 1,750 killed and around 5,800 wounded. Among the Confederate deaths were six generals: Patrick Cleburne, John Adams, States Rights Gist, Otho Strahl, and Hiram Granbury. An additional eight were wounded or captured. Fighting behind earthworks, Union losses were a mere 189 killed, 1,033 wounded, 1,104 missing/captured. The majority of those Union troops that were captured were wounded and medical personnel who remained after Schofield departed Franklin. Many were liberated on December 18, when Union forces re-took Franklin after the Battle of Nashville. While Hoods men were dazed after their defeat at Franklin, they pressed on and clashed with Thomas and Schofields forces at Nashville on December 15-16. Routed, Hoods army effectively ceased to exist after the battle. The assault at Franklin is frequently known as the Picketts Charge of the West in reference to the Confederate assault at Gettysburg. In reality, Hoods attack consisted of more men, 19,000 vs. 12,500, and advanced over a longer distance, 2 miles vs. .75 miles, than Lieutenant General James Longstreets assault on July 3, 1863. Also, while Picketts Charge lasted approximately 50 minutes, the assaults at Franklin were conducted over a span of five hours. Selected Sources Civil War Trust: Battle of FranklinCWSAC Battle Summary: Battle of Franklin

Getting a Raise and Getting a Rise

Getting a Raise and Getting a Rise Getting a Raise and Getting a Rise Getting a Raise and Getting a Rise By Maeve Maddox Natasha asks: What is the difference between rise and raise? As far as I understand, they both have to do with an increase, but they are also supposed to be different. Is that correct? The words raise and rise have numerous meanings, both as verbs and as nouns. Some common meanings of rise as a noun: a movement upward Ex. The world watched his rise to power. the reaching of a higher level by an increase of quantity or bulk Ex. The rise of the river provoked concern. an upward slope Ex. We walked as far as the rise. an irritated response to provocation Ex. Your last remark sure got a rise out of him. the distance from the crotch to the waistline on pants; the distance above the waistline on skirts Ex. The tailor measured the rise. One of the Merriam-Webster definitions of raise as a noun is â€Å"an increase in wages or salary.† British speakers, however, would refer to such an increase as a â€Å"rise.† Writing for British readers, Paul MacKenzie-Cummins heads his article with the title Get a Salary Rise: Six Tips. Writing for speakers of U.S. English, Dawn Rosenberg McKay heads a similar article with the title How to Ask for a Raise. Both U. S. and British usage would find the following headline acceptable: Experts Predict a Rise in Salaries Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Structure A Story: The Eight-Point ArcCannot or Can Not?Is "Number" Singular or Plural?

History Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 13

History - Assignment Example John River a through the Lake St. John and Lake Nipissing to the south end. East Florida, on the other hand, was bounded to the west by the Gulf of Mexico and Apalachicola River. In the same way, West Florida was enclosed by the Gulf of Mexico on the south. Lastly, islands of Grenada, together with Grenadines and the Islands of Dominico, St. Vincents and Tobago, shall be put under the care and inspection by the Governor of Newfoundland. If someone had already settled on those lands reserved for Indians, then these people shall be forced to immediately remove themselves from the settlements. To facilitate this action, the governors and commanders-in-chief of all colonies as well as those under the Government and Direction of Proprietaries will implement the provisions in the treaty. Also, officers in the military and those under the Management and Direction of Indian Affairs shall arrest those who will commit crimes and violate the treaty. Violators shall be subjected to trial in the colony where the crime is committed. People are not allowed to buy land from the Indians because, according to the government, because people are connected with the tribe. Also, since it is assumed that the Indians live under the protection of the people, the crown took the responsibility of protecting hunting grounds for Indians. In this way, their possession in their dominions and territories will not be disturbed or

Giardia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Giardia - Essay Example Identification of the Disease Giardiasis is an infection of the gastrointestinal tract. Other common names are lambliasis and beaver fever. After infection with the parasite, the individual suffers a diarrheal infection after the first week (Berger, 2011). The infection has been categorized as a global problem because of its prevalence in many parts of the world. The name ‘beaver fever’ emerged after research indicated that the disease was common amongst backpackers and campers. The science community ascertained the link between the giardia parasite and the diarrheal infection in the 1970s, although they had known the parasite since the 17th century. The diarrheal infection does not present any mortality rates unless in individuals exhibiting a compromised immune system. Many of the people infected with the parasite have been reported to exhibit minimal symptoms. Other researches indicate that there are cases that are more serious, and the infection can cause diarrhea fo r about two weeks. Description of the Organism The parasite giardiasis is the causative agent of a common diarrheal infection that has existed for a long time. Van Leeuwenhoek discovered the parasite in 1681. Using microscope, he highlighted that the parasite exhibited slow movement, and had flagella that facilitated the movement. He also classified the parasite as one of the simple eukaryotes. Other scientists developed interest in the parasite in the centuries that followed, and sought to describe it further. From advanced studies, it became evident that Leeuwenhoek had observed the parasites in the trophozoite phase. This was after the discovery that the parasite exhibited two different stages of life. According to the findings of 1880, it became evident that the parasite had both the trophozoite cysts stages (Parker & Parker, 2004). During the cyst stage, the flagella were invisible. Scientists have described the cyst stage as a dormant phase in which the parasite forms a protec tive wall around itself. This wall makes the parasite resistant to temperature changes, osmotic differences, pollution, and nutritional shortage. Further studies revealed that the cysts have the potential to remain viable for long periods without the having access to water and food. Usually, this serves as the infective stage of the parasite as many people get the infection from swallowing water infested with cysts. After entry into the gastrointestinal tract, the parasite moves from the cyst into the trophozoite stage. In this stage, the parasite engages in obtaining nutrients in the intestines and reproduces. The flagella are visible during this phase of Giardia (Russell and Cohn,2013). Biologists have described the trophozoite as having the ability to attach to the intestinal villi, where they depend on mucosal secretions for nutrition. In size, the trophozoites are 9-21 micrometers long, 5-15 micrometers wide, and 2-4 micrometers in thickness. When viewed under the microscope, t hey depict a pear shape that has a round end on the anterior side, two nuclei, as well as two distinctive median rods. The trophozoite also exhibits motion with the four pairs of flagella evident on each cell. In its ventral body, the organism has an adhesive disc that facilitates its attachment to the intestines. The organism reproduces by asexual binary fission, with the production of a new generation every five hours. Some trophozoites detach themselves from the intestines and

The Yellow Wallpaper: A Stifling Relationship -- essays research paper

Husband-Doctor: A Stifling Relationship In Gilman’s â€Å"the Yellow Wallpaper† At the beginning of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, the protagonist, Jane, has just given birth to a baby boy. Although for most mothers a newborn infant is a joyous time, for others, like Jane, it becomes a trying emotional period that is now popularly understood to be the common disorder, postpartum depression. For example, Jane describes herself as feeling a â€Å"lack of strength† (Colm, 3) and as becoming â€Å"dreadfully fretful and querulous† (Jeannette and Morris, 25). In addition, she writes, â€Å"I cry at nothing and cry most of the time† (Jeannette and Morris, 23). However, as the term postpartum depression was not in the vocabulary of this time period, John, Jane’s husband and doctor, has diagnosed Jane as suffering from â€Å"temporary nervous depression [with] a slight hysterical tendency† (30).(Colm) It may be more accurate to view the symptoms she develops later in the story—visual hallucinations, delusions, paranoia—as stemming from a psychotic condition that, prior to the birth of her son, was subdued or in control. The birth of her son precipitated a confrontation with John and became a catalyst of her psychosis. Jane's child may be considered a catalyst because, although he is not named for us by the narrator, he will be the recipient of his father's last name. Walsh points out â€Å"the stress laid in the clinic on the father as word and figure, so that what is finally important might be called the perception of paternity or the relation to paternity† (78). When applied to a reading of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† this translates into the following: The birth event is one of the times, perhaps the first, that Jane actually confronts her relation to the father of her son, John. In relation to the above, until the very last few lines of the story, Jane herself, is unnamed.(Hume, 477) This absence correlates with the void she has in the place at which a non-psychotic person would have a relation to the Husband/Father. Furthermore, even though her name eventually is revealed, it is, in essence, a no name: Jane, as in Jane Doe, as in anonymous, without a history or connections of any sort. Aside from Jane's anonymity, there are other indications that Jane does not fit into the wife/mother relationship. From the opening lines, Gilman makes it clear that the world of the story is feminist. For example... ... Psychoses.† Criticism & Lacon. Eds. Patrick Colm Hogan and Lalita Pandit. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1990. 64–73. Dock, Julie Bates. ‘But No One Expects That’ Charlotte Perkins Oilman's â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper' and the Shifting Light of Scholarship.† PLMA 111.1 (Jan 1996): 52–65. Gilbert, Sandra M. and Susan Gubar. The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination. 2nd ed. New Haven: Yale UP. 2000. Treichler, Paula A. â€Å"Escaping the Sentence: Diagnosis and Discourse in ‘The Yellow Wallpaper.’† Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature 3. 1–2 (Spring-Fall 1984):61–77. Johnson, Greg. â€Å"Gilman's Gothic Allegory: Range and Redemption in ‘The Yellow Wallpaper.’† Studies in Short Fiction 26.4 (Fall 1989): 521–30. Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection. Trans. Leon S. Roudiez. New York: Columbia UP, 1982. Kristeva, Julia. Desire in Language: A Semiotic Approach to Literature and Art. New York: Columbia UP, 1980. Tripathi, Vanashree. â€Å"Charlotte Perkins Gilman's ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’: A Gynograph.† Indian Journal of American Studies 27.1 (Winter 1997): 65–69. Lacan, Jacques. Ecrits: A Selection. Trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: W.W. Norton &Co., 1977.

Crisis in Movies: Self Medicated

His mother, who developed a drug problem of her own, was unable to deal with his behavior. He was rarely attending school and getting in fights regularly. He began hanging out with a different peer group and cutting ties with the positive influences in his life. He displayed significant discomfort anytime his father was mentioned and it was clear he had not dealt with his grief in a healthy way. 2. Identify the type of crisis (Situational, Developmental, Existential). (10 pats. The crawls In this situation was primarily situational, but one could also argue that there was a developmental crisis. Andrews father died and the family, both Andrew and his mother, appeared to lack the adequate coping skills to deal with the stresses normal stress associated with being a teenage boy, and his mother the stress associated with raising a teenage boy. After the death of his father there was a developmental crisis during which Andrew was unable to successfully transition from being a dependent t eenager to an independent young man. 3.Identify the material, personal, and social resources available to the individual. (10 pats. ) Based on the home in which the primary characters live it is apparent that they either are, or at one point were fairly wealthy. Andrews mother does not appear to be employed and he does not hold a Job. There is no indication of an extended family support network. Andrews mother does not appear to have any support system. They appear to be very isolated. Andrew had an abundance of negative, superficial â€Å"friends† and one female friend who had pro-social contact with both him and his mother.He is also very intelligent which is a valuable personal resource but there are times during his recovery process that it appears to interfere with his testability. Due to the fact that he resides in a large city, Lass Vegas, there are innumerable community resources available as well. 4. What were the differing perceptions of the crisis? (the client, fam ily, community, friends, legal perspectives) (10 pats. ) The client, Andrew, did not believe there was a crisis because he did not view his behavior as problematic.His mother felt quite differently and was highly concerned with both his drug and alcohol use and his apparent inability to deal with the death of his father. After multiple failed attempts to directly address Andrews behavior, his other appoints custody of him to an extreme measures treatment facility. They kidnap Andrew and he is enrolled in an involuntary, live-in rehabilitation program for addicts of all kinds. At the treatment facility Andrew was viewed as a â€Å"problem child†. This was largely due to his intelligence and the lack of realization of there being a problem.He was unwilling to discuss his father and used his intelligence to manipulate and scheme against staff. Until he was forced into treatment Andrew surrounded himself with people who were sharing in his addictive behavior, this undistributed t o his inability to realize that he was in crisis because his community group was comprised of fellow addicts. 5. Briefly, how was the crisis handled by the protagonist? (10 pats. ) The protagonist, Andrew, refused to address the death of his father, which was a primary stresses.Eventually he turned to alcohol and drugs to numb the feelings associated with the pain of his father's death. His lack of positive coping tools eventually led to a crisis of drug and alcohol addiction. By the end of the film Andrew had accepted that his addiction was destructive and was taking steps towards cover and more importantly towards dealing with the underlying issues that had 6. Suggest several steps for your client that could be used to handle the crisis. (10 Andrew does not believe he has a problem. He needs help seeing his addiction as detrimental.One of the primary issues driving Andrews addiction is the unprocessed grief over his father's death. He needs counseling to help him deal with those e motions and to learn healthier coping skills. Andrew and his mother also need to work through the resentment that has developed between them. Forgiveness therapy old be valuable if incorporated into family counseling. Cognitive self-change is also a valuable tool in dealing with addiction. Realistically Andrew is also going to have to deal with his legal issues before he can truly have a clean start.He also needs to attempt to salvage his GAP in order to complete high school. Due to the fact that he wants to go to college he will likely need to extend high school by a year so that he can retake the classes he did poorly in and salvage his grade point average as much as possible. 7. Suggest steps for teaching coping skills and developing resiliency (preventing the rises from reoccurring). (10 pats. ) Andrew would greatly benefit from learning how to verbalize his feelings and talk through his problems instead of stuffing and avoiding.He needs his emotions regarding the death of his f ather to be validated and to understand that they are okay to have. Re-involving himself in the healthy outlets he used to enjoy, like sports, would be a positive way to handle stress as well. Because he has struggled with addiction it will be very important to his future success that he complete a thorough relapse prevention program. He needs to identify what his triggers and red flag tuitions are so that he can learn steps to intervene in those situations. 8. What referral sources would be available to the client if he/she lived in your area? Specific names of organizations in your area to which you might refer your client. You might have to research your area for this. ) (10 pats. ) He could be referred to private counseling, support groups for those grieving the loss of loved ones, and drug/alcohol rehab or support groups. There are groups like Alcoholics Anonymous, Celebrate Recovery, and LIDS Family Services Addiction Recovery for those struggling with drug and alcohol addicti on. His lawyer could also push for a mandatory treatment program instead of traditional punishment for the crimes he had committed.This community has a treatment focused state prison nearby which employs the therapeutic community model for drug and alcohol rehabilitation. Because of this there are several certified drug and alcohol counselors in the area, some of which take on private clients on their own time. There are also drug and alcohol education groups such as DARE that may be beneficial. We are either slaves to sin or slaves to Christ, and the Bible is clear that to be a slave to Christ is a far easier burden to bear. Often times those things we believe to be freedom eventually become the heaviest of our chains.This can be seen in Andrews downhill spiral of addiction. He thought he was having fun getting drunk and skipping school, he was doing whatever he wanted. However, it eventually reached the point that Alcohol was all that he wanted. The desires of the flesh quickly le ad us to destruction. It is my opinion that there are few things out there that demonstrate the bondage we are in apart from Christ so vividly as drug, alcohol, and sexual addictions. Addiction is the epitome of being in bondage, of being a slave.

Jsdgflka - 3918 Words

Comparative Literature 153: â€Å"International Cultures: Film and Literature† Dr. Thomas Jay Lynn * Penn State Berks * Fall 2015 * MWF 12:00-12:50 Franco 101 * Office Meeting Period MWF 1:15-2:15 (For an office meeting during this or a different time, please e-mail, phone, or speak to me in advance, if possible.) Office: 117 Franco * Office Phone: (610) 396-6298 * E-mail: TJL7@PSU.EDU Please note: This syllabus and various other course documents (including essay guidelines) will be posted online at our ANGEL course site. â€Å"I am proud of my humanity when I can acknowledge the poets and artists of other countries as my own. Let me feel with unalloyed gladness that all the great glories of man are mine.† ~ Rabindranath Tagore†¦show more content†¦At the Writing Center, which is a free Penn State Berks resource, a trained writing tutor will work with you at any point in the writing process from brainstorming ideas to polishing a final draft. To make an appointment, go to berks.mywconline.com. If you have questions, call the Writing Center at 610-396-6407 or email bk-writingcenter@psu.edu. Want to Give Help? You may wish to consider participating in PEPP (Penn State Educational Partnership Program). This program pairs PSU students with promising middle and high school students for mentoring. This is a valuable service to the local community and a great way to expose prospective students to Penn State Berks’ programs. For more information about PEPP, please contact Guadalupe Kasper, director of PEPP, at gur10@psu.edu or at 610-396- 6272. What You Will Do in CMLIT 153, â€Å"International Cultures: Film and Literature,† Fall 2015 âž ¢ Read, think, and write deeply about four international films and four related novels. Keeping up with the assigned reading and completing reading assignments prior to the appropriate classes are vital components of a successful course. In additional careful consideration and thoughtful responses to the four films that you will view are essential. Please be proactive by preparing for each appropriate class at least one specific and thoughtful question or observation about the current film and at least one for the current novel. Sharing these

Study Of Suitable Investments During A Recession Period Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2116 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? According to Stormy Brain (2008) Keith Robert (2003, p. 31), the key to investing during a recession is to start off with the right mentality and do not panic. They also lay the groundwork for opportunities in the future even recession can be scary. Interest rates fall and it becomes less expensive to borrow money. Cost-cutting processes can teach a company to become more innovative and competitive. The lower demand for products and services brings down the effects of inflation. Warren Buffet, George Soros (1995), Mary Jaksch (2009) also believed that stock market timing is not exact, but chances are that if you invest during a recession, once the market has recovered you will benefit from the increase in price that your investment will bring by way of profit when you do decide to sell. Recession may not seem like the best time to be investing your money but just because we are in a recession doesnt mean the market has come to a complete standstill. There are di fferent ways you can invest which obviously vary depending on your current financial situation. There is an investment possibility for everyone, which can help put a little extra savings back in your pocket and even yield some future wealth down the road. Warren Buffet (1995), Anna Frago (2002), Kelley Wright (2010) stated that blue chip stocks are these companies hold leading positions in their industry and have a long, unbroken record of earnings growth and dividend payments. These stocks are high-grade, investment-quality issues of major companies that have the fundamental strength and size to hold their own during a recession and enough resources to capitalize on an economic recovery. Investors who are conservative and who seek safety and stability will usually invest in this group. In Malaysia, blue chip stocks include Public Bank, Genting, Sime Darby and others. Otherwise, investors typically add defensive stocks to their portfolios during economic recessions, or market downturns. Thats because defensive stocks can be expected to perform relatively well during all phases of a business cycle even during difficult economic conditions as suggested by Warren Buffet (1995) Anna Farago (2002) Berba Velasco (2009), Esme Faerber (2008). A defensive stock is normally associated with a company that belongs to an industry or market sector that is unaffected by business cycles. That is to say, consumer demand for their products or services exists no matter how good or how bad the economy is performing. Defensive stocks are the opposite of cyclical stocks whereby the financial health of cyclical companies move in-sync with the health of the economy. Thats why these stocks are also referred to as non-cyclical stocks. Defensive stocks include companies belonging to the following market sectors are utilities, food beverages, healthcare, non-durable goods. The biggest advantage an investor gains through the purchase of defensive stock is a conservative portfolio that should provide above average returns during a recession. The profitability of these stocks will hold up during these hard times because the demand for the products or services of these companies is relatively inelastic. Warren Buffet (1995), John Waggoner (2006), Esme Faerber (2008) also noted that investments in utility stocks are stocks of electric, water, gas, and telephone companies that are usually with a relatively decent dividend income and high degree of safety. Whether the economy is growing or slowing, people just need electricity, water, gas and phones, these services are an indispensable part of our lives. In Malaysia, there include Terlekom, Tenaga, Petronas and others. In the finding of Jim Roger (2007), Susan C.Walker (2008), Beth Anderson (2008), gold is traditionally seen as a safe investment, especially during a time of financial uncertainty, high inflation, depreciating exchange rates and economic recession. During a recession, gold is seen as a better in vestment than say the stock market. Stocks will fall as companies make less profit. David Prakash Egon von Greyerz (2009) also stated that gold is seen as a safe investment for preserving value of assets and has an intrinsic value. This encourages speculative buying of gold as investors diversify out of other riskier investments. Gold will also become attractive if we have negative real interest rates e.g. inflation higher than nominal interest rates. With negative real interest rates, saving in a bank becomes less attractive and gold become more attractive. Lavanay Bhadwal (2009) Julian D. W. Phillips (2010) also suggested that you can use gold as a short term or a long term investment where they will get sufficient returns. Research and analysis suggests that gold has grown by at least 2% in the last 50 years and the present decade has seen the gold market grow at 4% annually. During a recession, interest rates are typically at their lowest. This means that it will cost the a verage person less money in terms of interest payments to make large purchases. William H. Pivar (2004), Dold de Roos (2005) Sal S Vannutini (2008) suggested that among the largest of purchases is the purchase of a home of piece of investment real estate. As the demand for homes tends to decrease during a recession, sellers are forced to lower their asking prices in order to be more appealing to buyers. This lower asking price is also a monetary advantage to the individual looking to invest in a home or to buy a home and hold on to it long enough to have the market rebound and then sell that home for an easy profit. New home sales have seen a steady decline in value during the recession, but that is by no means the only indicator that those looking for an investment opportunity should use to base their decisions off of. Buying a new home that is currently undervalues simply because of the status of the market can be a brilliant investment move. According to Galen D. Burghardt, T errence M. Belton, Morton Lane, John Papa (2005), corporate bond is a type of bond issued by a corporation. Corporate bonds often pay higher rates than government or municipal bonds, because they tend to be riskier as revealed by the bond holder receives interest payments (yield) and the principal is repaid on a fixed maturity date. US Treasury bond is a negotiable, coupon-bearing debt obligation issued by the U.S. government and backed by its full faith and credit, having a maturity of more than 7 years. Interest is paid semi-annually at fixed coupon rate. U.S. Treasury Bonds are exempt from state and local taxes. These securities have the longest maturity of any bond issued by the U.S. Treasury, from 10 to 30 years. The 30-year bond is also called the long bond. These bonds are not callable, but some older U.S. Treasury Bonds available on the secondary market are callable within five years of the maturity date. In the finding of Esme Faerber (1999) Srichander Ramaswamy (2004), th e prices of the long term US Treasury Bonds or the highest investment grade bonds would expect to increase during a recession because interest rates tend to fall during a recession. Corporate bonds for a bit more risk and pay out higher amounts but have just a little bit more risk than treasury bonds, especially during a recession. Bonds are considered to be less risky than stocks, since the company has to pay off all its debts (including bonds) before it handles its obligations to stockholders. Corporate bonds have a wide range of ratings and yields because the financial health of the issuers can vary widely. A high yield bond or junk bond is a bond that is rated below investment grade at the time of purchase. Edward I. Atman (1992), Matthew Goldstein (2001), Murali Ramaswami (1991) stated that bonds have a higher risk of default or other adverse credit events, but typically pay higher yields than better quality bonds in order to make them attractive to investors. Therefore, in vestors with a greater risk tolerance and much deeper pockets may even want to consider buying into a junk-bond fund. Recent history has shown that junk-bond investors have earned their best returns the year after the junk-bond market bottoms out. In 1991, while the nation was mired in its last recession, the junk-bond market produced an eye-popping 34.6% return on investment, according to Moodys. The impact of declining interest rates is magnified on the junk-bond market because high-yield bonds carry much higher rates than other kinds of bonds. Declining rates make those high yields that much more attractive, which tends to raise the price of the bonds that pay them. Gary L. Gastineau, David Lerman (2001) Archie M. Richard (2007) founded that an exchange-traded fund (or ETF) is an investment vehicle traded on stock exchanges, much like stocks. An ETF holds assets such as stocks or bonds and trades at approximately the same price as the net asset value of its underlying assets over the course of the trading day. Most ETFs track an index, such as the FTSE Bursa Malaysia KLCI. ETFs may be attractive as investments because of their low costs, tax efficiency, and stock-like features. Investors can buying shares in several exchange-traded funds, or ETFs stocks that track the performance of a major market index such as the KLCI or the Mesdaq, or are based on actively managed mutual funds. That way, they can participate in any early rally in stocks without being overly exposed to any single companys poor earnings performance. ETFs have grown in popularity with individual investors because theyre cheaper and easier to invest in than traditional stock index funds during recession. Money market deposit account is a savings account which shares some of the characteristics of a money market fund. Like other savings accounts, money market deposit accounts are insured by the Federal government. They are very safe and highly liquid investments, but offer a lower int erest rate than most other investments as suggested by Marcia L. Stgum (1997) Julian Walmsley (2000). Credit default swap is a specific kind of counterparty agreement which allows the transfer of third party credit risk from one party to the other. One party in the swap is a lender and faces credit risk from a third party and the counterparty in the credit default swap agrees to insure this risk in exchange of regular periodic payments essentially an insurance premium. If the third party defaults, the party providing insurance will have to purchase from the insured party the defaulted asset. In turn, the insurer pays the insured the remaining interest on the debt, as well as the principal. During recession, investors should keep some extra money in an interest-bearing money-market account especially if theyre investing money theyll need fairly soon. Matthew Goldstein (2001) also suggested that investors shouldnt expect to get rich off the 4% annual yields offered on most money-mark et accounts but at least theyre guaranteed to make some money. Investors also stash some money in six-month or one-year bank certificates of deposit which on average pay a 2% higher annual yield than a money-market account. For the casual investor who does not have the time or inclination to actively manage his or her own portfolio. Graciela Kaminskyà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Richard Lyons, Sergio Schmukler (2000) revealed that mutual funds reduce the time and effort needed and stays true even in a recession. The trick is finding mutual funds that do well in tough economic times. Madhu S. Panigrahi (1996), Esme Faerber (1999), Robert Kosowski (2006) Benz Jayma P. (2009) founded that are certain industries that weather recession better than others and the best mutual funds will be sector funds which are based on a specific industry. Industries that do well during economic downturn include utilities and staple consumer goods. Mutual funds in recession-proof s ectors can still be volatile and under-perform if the fund manager buys and sells constantly or the fund charges a high management fee. Review the fee structures for the funds you are considering and choose one with a high historical return and low fee. Other mutual funds that can be considered as recession proof would include money market funds and bond funds. The best way to use mutual funds both before and after a recession is to have a diversified mutual fund portfolio in the first place. Having a constructed portfolio of both stocks and bonds will provide you an opportunity or cushion for participating in stock market growth or markets decline. In conclusion, Warren Buffet (1995), Zvi Bodie Michael J.Clowes (2003), Stormy Brain (2008), Emanuel Balarie (2008) also concluded that recession offers many hidden opportunities and you need to seize them by understanding the basic rules on how to prosper in uncertain times. During this economic crisis, you can make some good long- term investments that will yield you fantastic returns in years to come. However, you should never put all your eggs in the same basket. Diversifying will help to protect your investments and will also give you great returns in good times or bad. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Study Of Suitable Investments During A Recession Period Finance Essay" essay for you Create order

Comparative Essay On The American And French Revolutions

3.1 Short Paper: Comparative Essay on the American and French Revolutions 1.) Why does the United States come out its revolution with a republic instead of a monarchy? Why do the French wind up with an Emperor Napoleon but the United States does not have a King George of the House of Washington? There are moments in our history where the citizens of the world stand up and for their beliefs, their honor, and themselves. They come together to reform the existing government that is holding them back from achieving their desired lifestyle. When this occurs, most likely, war is inevitable to follow. When war comes to a country, death and destruction is destined. Leaders and rules change, but the pride of its citizens prevails and becomes†¦show more content†¦When that monarchy went against the colonists, and regarded them a part of the empire, this was not entirely how the colonist’s wished to identify themselves. America and its colonists wished to establish themselves as being independent from a monarchy and to have a say in how they were ru led. After the revolution was over, Washington went back to Mount Vernon to retire, or so he thought. When Washington was asked by his fellow founding fathers to become the new King of the United States, his reaction must have been priceless. After fighting the revolution for many long hard years, to get away from a monarchy, and now they wanted to create another one. Washington had his reasons why he did not wish to be king because, â€Å"He was driven by Ameri-can nationalism years before independence was declared, and for eight long years after 1775 he sacrificed as a soldier to bring the American na ¬tion into being. He emerged from retirement to search for a means of safeguarding a national Union imperiled by sectionalists and localists, and with considerable misgivings he agreed to take on the presidency in an attempt to establish an energetic national government and a robust and truly independent United States.† Washington did not wish to be King, he wished to have what he fought in the revolution for, a government that was governed by the people not a monarch. Ame rica’s founding fathers, were at the helm of theShow MoreRelatedSocial Revolutions in the Modern World by Theda Skocpol1092 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Revolutions in the Modern World, was widely published in 1994 and presents an extension of her structurally-based, comparative analysis of various social revolutions. 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M08/3/HISTX/HP3/ENG/TZ0/EU/M+ To what extent was the French monarchy both the main cause and the main victim of the 1789 French Revolution? This question is about the French monarchy as an institution, not only Louis XVI, thus the first part of the question needs an analysis of the nature of the monarchy, as head of an outdated feudal system and as a cause of the revolution, as well as of the actions of Louis. It could be relevant to give a brief background, possiblyRead More Citizenship and The French Revolution Essay7066 Words   |  29 PagesCitizenship and The French Revolution The French Revolution of 1789 changed the meaning of the word â€Å"revolution.† Prior to this year, revolution meant restoring a previous form of government that had been taken away. Since then, revolution has meant creating a new institution of government that did not previously exist. This required that a constitution be drafted. After a series of four mini-revolutions from May to July, the â€Å"Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen† was released on theRead MoreAnalysis Of Vineland And Robert Coover s Dramatic Monologue Rip Awake1732 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Rip Van Winkle† and attempts to analyze both adaptations. Though Irving’s short story dates back to an earlier time period in the American landscape, it nonetheless forms the foundation of both Pynchon’s and Coover’s work. Though Irving’s writing style has often been called exceedingly British sounding, his narratives are steeped in American history and the American way of life. Both Thomas Pynchon and Robert Coover on the other hand belong to the postmodern age and deal with experimental fictionRead MoreScramble for Africa1841 Words   |  8 PagesWhat were the major historical factors explaining ‘the scramble for Africa’? In order to approach this essay question, my analysis will be divided into two parts. The first section will define what the scramble for Africa means. In the subsequent sections, I will refer to the case history of colonization of Africa by some European countries, the motives behind their actions and its consequences on Africa particularly. The scramble for Africa was described as the golden period of European expansionism

Jay Gatsby Free Essays

Jay Gatsby Jay Gatsby, the main character in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, is a materialistic man, trying to live out the American Dream in the 1920’s. But, his way of life does not get him the woman of his dreams, and eventually leads to his death. We will write a custom essay sample on Jay Gatsby or any similar topic only for you Order Now He is an extremely wealthy man, but despite all of his money, is very lonely. Although he never gets the woman he wants, Gatsby was a dreamer. He was motivated to reinvent himself and buy his way through life, with a dream to recreate the past. Jay Gatsby was materialistic from the beginning. From his childhood, to his adult life, he dreamed of being rich. His parents were not wealthy and he grew up in the middle class, but he had always wanted lots of money. Nick Carraway states, â€Å"He was a son of God—a phrase which, if it means anything, it means just that—and he must be about His father’s business, the service of a vast, vulgar, and meretricious beauty† (Fitzgerald 104). No matter how he did it, Gatsby was going to be rich. From age seventeen he was determined and he would stick with his goal. According to critic Chikako D. Kumamoto, Gatsby’s â€Å"vast, vulgar, and meretricious† dream was shared by a social climbing. Nick finally figures out Gatsby’s plans with Daisy Buchannan and says, â€Å"He had waited five years and bought a mansion where he dispensed starlight to casual moths—so that he could come over some afternoon to a stranger’s garden† (Fitzgerald 80). Everything Gatsby did was to win back Daisy’s love. Being a materialist caused him to throw outrageous parties in hopes that one day, Daisy would show up to one. He believed that his money was the only way to win her over. Jay Gatsby was clearly a lonely man. He had all the money in the world to buy anything except for the woman of his dreams, Daisy. Throughout the whole novel, The Great Gatsby, he appears to be bored and alone. â€Å"Your place looks like the World’s fair† Nick Carraway says to Gatsby (Fitzgerald 86). Even to his death, no one cared enough about him to come to his funeral. Carraway tells us, â€Å"but neither a wire nor Mr. Wolfshiem arrived; no one arrived except more police and photographers and newspaper men† (Fitzgerald 110). Striving for only two things in his life never made him very popular. He threw extravagant parties, but no one knew who he was or even liked him for that matter. According to critic Brian Sutton, Gatsby goes to spectacular lengths to try to achieve what Nick Carraway calls â€Å"his incorruptible dream† (Fitzgerald 155). But, unfortunately Gatsby never gets the woman he longs for. Nick tells us, â€Å"After his embarrassment and his unreasoning joy he was consumed with wonder at her presence† (Fitzgerald 99). While Gatsby may have loved the real Daisy, the love that survived over time was of his dream-like conception of her. Jay Gatsby lived a life he dreamed of having but, he dreamed of getting Daisy back and never actually did. Nick tells Gatsby, â€Å"You can’t repeat the past† and Gatsby, being the stubborn man he is, says â€Å"Can’t repeat the past? Why of course you can! † (Fitzgerald 117). His dreams got in the way. Critic Brian Sutton states that Gatsby’s chances of winning Daisy were dead. Finding out the way Gatsby got his money ruined everything he could have had with Daisy. Throughout his whole life, Jay Gatsby would do anything to achieve â€Å"his incorruptible dream† (Fitzgerald 155). Daisy’s marriage seems so awful during most of the novel; it is almost like Gatsby is going to make his dreams come true. His efforts are so unimaginable and Daisy appears to be looking for a way out. Because Jay Gatsby is materialistic, lonely, and a dreamer, he is killed. His own attitude caused his death. Living out the American Dream, trying to become wealthy, and striving to win Daisy’s love did not pay off for Gatsby in the end. Works Cited Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York: Scribner, 2004. Print. Kumamoto, Chikako. â€Å"Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. † Explicator 60 (Fall 2001): 37-41. Literature Resource Center. Web. 09 Nov. 2012. Sutton, Brian. â€Å"Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. † Explicator 59 (Fall 2000): 37-9. Literature Resource Center. Web. 09 Nov. 2012. How to cite Jay Gatsby, Essay examples

Interview with Simone Eyles-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Significant insights given by the entrepreneurs who achieved wealth and success in the recent years. Answer: Introduction Entrepreneurship can be understood as the capacity of an individual to develop and manage a business by taking risks and rewards in return. For being a successful entrepreneurship, a person needs to have a particular set of characteristics and skills which helps in getting success to the business (Nandan, 2013). This report has been prepared with an aim to discuss and focus on the significant insights given by the entrepreneurs who achieved wealth and success in the recent years. This report is based on the interview conducted with Simone Eyles, who is a founder of a coffee ordering application which helps users to order through technology. The meaningful insights given by the fresh and young entrepreneur will be discussed so that much can be learned from her experience and hard work. Simone Eyles: Founder of 365 cups The interview is held with the founder of online ordering venture 365 cups, Simone Eyles. She is a women entrepreneur and is successful in her business. 365 cups is a platform where the users can place order from all over the world right from the small rural cafes to the large multinationals. The business runs on technology and Simone Eyles started from 365 cups is now serving up to 45000 users in Australia and New Zealand. Simone Eyles, the founder of the venture shares her experience in an interview that she had a long held dream of opening her own caf which is why she came up with the idea of 365 cups (Shying, 2014). From her background, it is clear that she is the proud owner of two businesses which are 365 cups and Working spaces HQ. For starting a business like 365 cups, the founder shares that with the help of technology, she is able to serve huge number of customers across Australia and New Zealand. The brand started with an application and now has 3 stores in New South Wales. So, basically from a small city of Wagga wagga, the founder reached the whole country. 365 cups and inspiration for the business 365 cups is all about linking the customers with the infrastructure, service and technology so that the needs of the tech savvy customers can be met. The customers now, order from their laptops, phones, tablets and the list goes on. The founder shares that the biggest influencer to stat up this business is the people who are in her support. The women inspire her to be the successful and honest entrepreneur. She clears that the natural progression in her success of the business inspired her more to go ahead (Drucker, 2014). The founder explains that she influence others by executing the ideas. Getting ideas or planning about them is easy but executing them is something which needs courage and is the most required skill for a successful entrepreneur. This shows that the young entrepreneurs should start with a good idea, the money and success will follow slowly and gradually. The founder believes in people. She likes talking to its customers and getting connected to them (Carter Jones-Evans, 2009). The wall is provided to the customers where they can post their reviews, photos and messages which is a kind of promotion and advertising. The business also advertises itself on Twitter and Facebook which involves a lot of target customers. From this, I learned that it is important to believe in your people when you want to carry on business with them. An entrepreneur should be honest to its people and should take along its people which will ultimately contribute to the success of the business (Kirzner, 2015). The founder believes that getting connected to the customers and adapting technology and trends made the business successful. It is anticipating even the worst case scenario which helped the entrepreneur to struggle and push forward the business. The founder also discussed the importance of planning in setting up the business and to face and compete with the worst scenarios of the business. Also, tracking the financial progress is equally important so that the money earned can be uti8lisedeeffectively and do not get waste. Being organised is another key tactic which is needed to manage business. The resources need to be organised and back up resources need to be maintained (Wiklund, et al., 2011). Entrepreneurship as per the founder of 365 cups is delivering the value consistently and having clarity of thought. An entrepreneur needs to have the understanding of his/ her own business and how it will contribute in the life of the consumers. Success, on the other hand is taken as the security in terms of finances and profession (Naud, 2010). It is getting the support from the people and being admired by them. To the young entrepreneurs, the founder suggests that there should be a level of responsibility with the people working in the business whether its a family member, friend or employee. Today, an entrepreneur should focus n the presentation of the business which is both offline and online. Promotions of the business can lead it to success. An entrepreneur listens to the heart and should put those ideas into execution by continuing listening to them. Also, the suggestions and the recommendations given by others should be considered for delivering better results to the users (K uratko Audretsch, 2009). The interview conducted made me learn that it is important to plan the idea and to execute it well. But the most important thing is to continue it. The success should be celebrated when more success is gained. I gained insights that a market needs new innovations and ideas so thinking about business is not a bad idea. It is very important to have thinking like an entrepreneur where one takes initiative, ready for the risks, have flexibility and generate secure future (Langevang Gough, 2012). A good market research is important to get a rough idea about the market and the business idea will run or not. To encourage the spirit of entrepreneurship, support is necessary from the family and friends. On a personal level I learned that when proper Research and development is not done in the market, it discourage the business and create chances for failure. It is also very important to manage time and organise business activities in a way which leads to the success of most of the business p lans (Awogbenle Iwuamadi, 2010). The valuable insights gained from an interview include the learning that there is something to learn always from each other. One person does not know everything. An entrepreneur should embrace what makes him/ her unique. Every entrepreneur is unique in own sense and this brings innovation ain business. The lessons learned from the successful entrepreneur increases the chances of getting success. Working with people is another important learning (Littunen Niittykangas, 2010). It is people who bring change by supporting the ideas and business of an entrepreneur. It is important to believe in own ideas and concepts so that the entrepreneur is able to influence others. It is also very important to follow and abide by the trends and technology without which the business will be out-dated and will lack innovation. New and different always attract the attention of people and help in gaining success and praises from most of the people. In all, in the age of globalisation, the business shoul d be ready to accept the changes and manage diversity in the cross cultural business environment of business (Arogundade, 2011). Conclusion To conclude, I would say that this interview has provided deep and valuable insights which would not have been possible otherwise. The findings of this interview or report prepared will be meaningful and will contribute in the process of being a successful entrepreneur. I have my own plans in future to start up a business which is influenced by the views and opinions of the famous entrepreneur like Simone Eyles. I learned that one should not be afraid of taking risks and delegating tasks to the people in the team. I learned how to organise things and time together to make the optimum use of it. This can be used by me in visualising my goals and success. Also, effective communication and listening properly could reduce misconceptions created among the team members which could reduce the quality of performance. Time is valuable which could be used properly to create effective results in the business. I learned that it is very important to create your own value in the world. It can be d one by keeping the things simple and by being a self-motivator in the world of business where there is tough competition. It is noted that being an entrepreneur is not easy rather it is about maintaining a perfect blend of friendly and professional attitude for the followers and with the clients. Everyone is to be treated respectfully to lead everyone without any hesitation in anyone. This interview could be a game changer for me and my business plans in future. References Arogundade, B B (2011). Entrepreneurship education: An imperative for sustainable development in Nigeria.Journal of emerging trends in educational research and policy studies (JETERAPS),2(1), 26-29. Awogbenle, A C Iwuamadi, K C (2010). Youth unemployment: Entrepreneurship development programme as an intervention mechanism.African Journal of Business Management,4(6), 831. by Sara Carter, E Jones-Evans, D. (2009). Enterprise and small business: Principles, practice and policy.Strategic Direction,25(5). Drucker, P (2014).Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Kirzner, I M (2015).Competition and entrepreneurship. University of Chicago press. Kuratko, D F Audretsch, D B (2009). Strategic entrepreneurship: exploring different perspectives of an emerging concept.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,33(1), 1-17. Langevang, T Gough, K V (2012). Diverging pathways: young female employment and entrepreneurship in sub?Saharan Africa.The Geographical Journal,178(3), 242-252. Littunen, H Niittykangas, H (2010). The rapid growth of young firms during various stages of entrepreneurship.Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,17(1), 8-31. Nandan, H (2013).Fundamentals of entrepreneurship. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Naud, W. (2010).Entrepreneurship and economic development. Springer. Shying, O 2014, 365 cups become reality, The Daily Advertiser. Wiklund, J, Davidsson, P, Audretsch, D B Karlsson, C (2011). The future of entrepreneurship research.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,35(1), 1-9.

How Oil Prices Affect Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Every country needs some oil to run its errands, but the oil producing nations (OPEC nations) are few in number. From an economic point of view, whenever the suppliers are few, they tend to manipulate the prices of their products. Essentially, OPEC nations agree on the amount of oil to produce and the prices of selling the oil. OPEC nations discuss the target markets, and they dictate the distributing channels for their own good.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on How Oil Prices Affect Gross Domestic Product (GDP) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In a span of one month, oil prices can raise considerably, but since oil has no substitute, the demand for oil remains inelastic. Indeed, oil prices affect nations’ GDPs in one way or another. This paper will give a clear outlay of the effect of oil prices on the various variables in the GDP equation using clear illustrations and graphs. The gross domestic p roduct (GDP) presents the market value of the economic activities within a nation. The GPD sums all the amounts of monies spent in a nation. The four factors that measure the GPD include the consumption levels of the consumers, investment levels of businesses (amount businesses spend on purchasing goods and services), the government spending, and the net exports. In this case, the net exports amount is the difference between the exports and imports. Oil prices have an indirect effect on each factor of the GDP equation, which in turn affects the nation’s GDP levels (Maeda 112). GDP = C +I +G+X Where C is the total consumption of the consumers, I is the investment levels of the businesses,Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More G is the federal, state and government spending, and X is the net exports (exports minus imports). Oil prices and their effects on the total c onsumption of consumers Consumption is directly proportional to the income levels of a household because people can only spend the amount of money that they earn. However, not all the money is spent; earners have to pay income taxes to the government, and some households save some of their income. Whenever the oil prices are high, businesses tend to increase the prices of their products to cater for the rise in the production costs (Pinno and Serletis 202). This factor decreases the consumers’ spending powers, and consumers tend to buy few items. Essentially, some consumers would decide to save their money rather than spend it with the hope that the prices of products would decrease in the near future. The price elasticity of demand will play a critical role in such a case, where, consumers will only purchase necessities and shy away from buying luxuries. Consumer spending forms the largest part of the GPD in most nations. Therefore, whenever the oil prices rise, they reduce the consumer spending indirectly, and consequently, the GPD reduces. In the United States, two third of the GDP comprises of consumer spending. Therefore, a decrease in consumer spending would have a significant effect on the GPD of the US (Kilian and Vigfusson 79). Oil prices and their effects on the total investments As stated before, business investment is the amount of money that businesses spend on purchasing products and services. Moreover, businesses make long-term investments through the purchase of land, fixtures, and equipments. A rise in oil prices is a shock on the supply side of the economy and it has adverse consequences on the economies of countries (Kim 140).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on How Oil Prices Affect Gross Domestic Product (GDP) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Obviously, businesses will experience an increase in the variable costs, especially for manufacturing businesses th at heavily depend on oil. The businesses will resolve on increasing the prices of their products to remain at the same profit margins. From an economic point of view, an increase in prices causes the demand of products to contract, and the businesses are likely to have reduced sales than before. If the oil prices continue to rise, there is a possibility of an economy to experience an inflationary effect. Essentially, the decreased sales means decreased profits; therefore, businesses will have insufficient money to invest. The amount that businesses invest contributes to about 15% of the nation’s GDP. Although the 15% contribution to the nation’s GDP is considerably small, a decrease in the total investments will decrease the nation’s GDP. Oil prices and their effects on the total government spending The government is an overseer that responds to tough economic conditions of the nation. As described, an increase in oil prices is a supply side shock that would in flate the price levels of products and deflate the real output of the economy. The government can respond by relaxing the monetary policy through decreasing the interest rates and taxes. Therefore, businesses will have their production costs somewhat reduced because of the reduced taxes. Another alternative would be increasing government spending by subsidizing the costs prices. However, the options may have adverse consequences on the general economy. Increasing the oil subsidy bill would mean that the government would have to increase its budget and this would affect the other sectors of the economy. Although upstream companies like the Oil And Natural Gas Corporation and Oil India would share a third of the subsidy burdens, the government may have to make short-term borrowings to cater for the unanticipated shock. On the other hand, decreasing interest rates and taxes would decrease the government revenues. Essentially, rise is oil prices would decrease the government spending on goods and services and increase its spending on transfer payments, which is a threat to the GDP. Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Oil prices and their effects on the total net exports If there is an increase in fuel prices, a country that exports manufactured goods may experience an increase in the production costs of the products that it exports. Therefore, the country may lower its productivity and export less of the products than before. Moreover, the country is forced to spend more money on importing the essential petroleum product than before. The two incidences would bring an imbalance on the total net exports and the country may have negative net exports. Conclusion Clearly, a rise in oil prices is an external shock that affects economies in one way or another. Economies that entirely depend on oil-energy for their production processes would suffer greatly if oil prices increased drastically. Sometimes the oil prices drop, but they have negligible effects on the GDP. Therefore, to reduce the effect of the increase in oil prices, companies should find ways of containing other costs and increasing the la bor productivity (Ravazzolo and Rothman 461). It is clear that oil is an essential product with an inelastic demand. Therefore, governments that do not reserve enough oil when the oil prices drop will continue suffering from the supply shocks. It would be advisable for governments to build oil reserves that would greatly help the nation during shortages and during shocks. Works Cited Kilian, Lutz and Robert Vigfusson. â€Å"Do Oil Prices Help Forecast U.S. Real GDP? The Role of Nonlinearities and Asymmetries.† Journal of Business Economic Statistics 31.1 (2013): 78-93. Print. Kim, Dong. â€Å"What Is An Oil Shock? Panel Data Evidence.† Empirical Economics 43.1 (2012): 121-143. Print. Maeda, Akira. â€Å"On the Oil Price-GDP Relationship.† Japanese Economy 35.1 (2008): 99-127. Print. Pinno, Karl and Apostolos Serletis. â€Å"Oil Price Uncertainty and Industrial Production.† Energy Journal 34.3 (2013): 191-216. Print. Ravazzolo, Francesco and Philip Rothma n. â€Å"Oil and U.S. GDP: A Real-Time Out-Of-Sample Examination.† Journal of Money, Credit Banking 45.3 (2013): 449-463. Print. This research paper on How Oil Prices Affect Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was written and submitted by user Cannon Ortega to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

World War I and The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

World War I and The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk After a nearly a year of turmoil in Russia, the Bolsheviks ascended to power in November 1917 after the October Revolution (Russia still used the Julian calendar). As ending Russias involvement in World War I was a key tenet of the Bolshevik platform, new leader Vladimir Lenin immediately called for a three-month armistice. Though initially wary of dealing with the revolutionaries, the Central Powers (Germany, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire) finally agreed to a ceasefire in early December and made plans to meet with Lenins representatives later in the month. Initial Talks Joined by representatives from the Ottoman Empire, the Germans and Austrians arrived at Brest-Litovsk (present-day Brest, Belarus) and opened talks on December 22. Though the German delegation was led by Foreign Secretary Richard von KÃ ¼hlmann, it fell upon General Max Hoffmann- who was Chief of Staff of the German armies on the Eastern Front- to serve as their chief negotiator. The Austro-Hungarian Empire was represented by Foreign Minister Ottokar Czernin, while the Ottomans were overseen by Talat Pasha. The Bolshevik delegation was headed by Peoples Commissar for Foreign Affairs Leon Trotsky who was aided by Adolph Joffre. Initial Proposals Though in a weak position, the Bolsheviks stated that they desired peace without annexations or indemnities, meaning an end to the fighting without loss of land or reparations. This was rebuffed by the Germans whose troops occupied large swaths of Russian territory. In offering their proposal, the Germans demanded independence for Poland and Lithuania. As the Bolsheviks were unwilling to cede territory, the talks stalled. Believing that the Germans were eager to conclude a peace treaty to free troops for use on the Western Front before the Americans could arrive in large numbers, Trotsky dragged his feet, believing that moderate peace could be achieved. He also hoped that the Bolshevik revolution would spread to Germany negating the need to conclude a treaty. Trotskys delaying tactics only worked to anger the Germans and Austrians. Unwilling to sign harsh peace terms and not believing that he could delay further, he withdrew the Bolshevik delegation from the talks on February 10, 1918, declaring a unilateral end to hostilities. The German Response Reacting to Trotskys breaking off of the talks, the Germans and Austrians notified the Bolsheviks that they would resume hostilities after February 17 if the situation was not resolved. These threats were ignored by Lenins government. On February 18, German, Austrian, Ottoman, and Bulgarian troops began advancing and met little organized resistance. That evening, the Bolshevik government decided to accept the German terms. Contacting the Germans, they received no response for three days. During that time, troops from the Central Powers occupied the Baltic nations, Belarus, and most of Ukraine (Map). Responding on February 21, the Germans introduced harsher terms which briefly made Lenin debate continuing the fight. Recognizing that further resistance would be futile and with the German fleet moving towards Petrograd, the Bolsheviks voted to accept the terms two days later. Re-opening talks, the Bolsheviks signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on March 3. It was ratified twelve days later. Though Lenins government had achieved its goal of exiting the conflict, it was forced to do so in brutally humiliating fashion and at great cost. Terms of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk By the terms of the treaty, Russia ceded more than 290,000 square miles of land and around a quarter of its population. In addition, the lost territory contained approximately a quarter of the nations industry and 90 percent of its coal mines. This territory effectively contained the countries of Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, and Belarus from which the Germans intended to form client states under the rule of various aristocrats. Also, all Turkish lands lost in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 were to be returned to the Ottoman Empire. Long-Term Effects of the Treaty The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk only remained in effect until that November. Though Germany had made massive territorial gains, it took a large amount of manpower to maintain the occupation. This detracted from the number of men available for duty on the Western Front. On November 5, Germany renounced the treaty due to a constant stream of revolutionary propaganda emanating from Russia. With the German acceptance of the armistice on November 11, the Bolsheviks quickly annulled the treaty. Though the independence of Poland and Finland was largely accepted, they remained angered by the loss of the Baltic states. While the fate of territory such as Poland was addressed at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, other lands such as Ukraine and Belarus fell under Bolshevik control during the Russian Civil War. Over the next twenty years, the Soviet Union worked to regain the land lost by the treaty. This saw them fight Finland in the Winter War as well as conclude the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact with Nazi Germany. By this agreement, they annexed the Baltic states and claimed the eastern part of Poland following the German invasion at the start of World War II. Selected Sources Avalon Project: Treaty of Brest-LitovskGuide to Russia: Treaty of Brest-LitovskFirst World War: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk